ECONOMIC UPDATE
- Financial market volatility reemerged in January amid geopolitical concerns and coronavirus fears
- There are some similarities between the current coronavirus outbreak and SARS from 2003/2004, but the response from the Chinese government has been more swift in the current health emergency
- The 1/29 FOMC statement was generally perceivied to be slightly more dovish, and the IOER rate was increased 5 bps to 1.6%
It has been a busy start to 2020, with market concerns ranging from war with Iran to the outbreak of a deadly virus in China and a presidential impeachment trial somewhere in between. Despite the headline noise, risk markets performed reasonably well for much of January, but momentum clearly turned in the final week of the month on coronavirus fears in China. Through January 23, the S&P 500 had a robust MTD return of 3.02%, but the index gave up all gains in the final week, finishing the month with a -0.05% return. The move in Treasuries was more straight-line throughout the month, with strong demand emerging from all investor types amid geopolitical (Iran, impeachment, etc.) and coronavirus concerns. Long-end yields fell 40 basis points (bps) in January, and the curve flattened 15 bps.
Fears that a coronavirus outbreak in China could spread globally sparked a risk-off trade in global financial markets over the last week. The deadly virus initially emerged in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread to every part of the China mainland, as well as confirmed cases in 20 countries. One might ask why financial markets would be so concerned about a virus outbreak in one country, and it wouldn’t be an unreasonable question. That said, the markets are ultimately focused on the economic impact of a widespread contagion, particularly when it involves the world’s second largest economy (impact on consumption, manufacturing, etc.). Adding to those concerns was the start of Lunar New Year celebrations in China, which typically involves heavy travel amongst its citizens (i.e., higher risk of widespread contagion). Some are looking back at the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak as a good point of comparison to assess potential risks. The SARS outbreak also originated in China, ultimately infecting more than 8,000 people with around a 10% mortality rate. It ultimately took 9 months before it was considered “contained” by the World Health Organization (WHO). GDP growth was significantly impacted for one quarter, but it quickly rebounded in the following two quarters. Not surprisingly, tourism was the most affected sector, and retail sales also weakened.
When comparing the current coronavirus, one notable difference is the more rapid response by the Chinese government. Back in 2002/2003, the Chinese government did not disclose the outbreak to the WHO for approximately 5 months, and this time, it took less than 3 weeks, with President Xi ordering “all-out prevention and control efforts” by the government. While it is difficult to predict containment of something like this, it would be reasonable to question the severity of the recent response in risk markets (and ensuing Treasury rally), not to make light of the human tragedy in any way.
FOMC & Data Trend
The January 29 FOMC statement was little changed from the prior meeting, although some are interpreting the adjustment of the inflation outlook as a more dovish tone. As expected, there was no change to the fed funds target range. The committee did choose to raise the interest on excess reserves (IOER) rate 5 bps to 1.6%, a move which was discussed at the December meeting given the migration of the effective fed funds rate closer to the bottom of the Fed’s target range.
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